Governmental Debate on the Subject of War

Canada and the most of the world after World War I and World War II were at a great mourn. During these wars, immense hostile acts were largely carried out. Debate over war will continue indefinitely, but there’s no doubt that it’s evil and needless. Affairs should be carried out peacefully through proper negotiations; they should not be subject to the brute nature of war. The Canadian government thoroughly learned this after Canada lost thousands upon thousands of its country’s men.

There were two main factors during WWI that contributed to the extremely high loss of life. The first of these is new advancements in weapons.  New technology – after industrialization – was certainly not taken into consideration. If the countries of Europe understood the true capabilities of these new weapons, perhaps more action would be taken to prevent the war in the first place. An example of one of these newly developed weapons is the machine gun. In previous wars, infantry soldiers had fought in armed units supported by cavalry; they charged and fired rifles equipped with bayonets against the enemy across open fields. However, in WWI crossing an open field (no man’s land) to charge at the enemy was essentially suicidal and left troops extremely vulnerable to machine guns. Any troops caught passing no man’s land would be instantly mowed down by these dominant machine guns. The second factor that contributed to the high loss of life was the commanders’ failure to understand how this new technology would come into play. Old tactics may have successfully worked in cavalry warfare, but were definitely outdated in this new type of warfare. Some commanders insisted on using these old ploys (such as charging across no man’s land) because they worked so well previously. Countless lives were wasted on the battlefield because their commanders failed to understand how this new technology required new tactics. A combination of these two primary factors resulted in an excessive amount of loss of life.

Governments from other states should learn from the wretched lessons of both world wars. Human lives should never be considered as expendable; yet, that’s how the governments saw the soldiers. These soldiers were not even directly involved in the affairs; they are just fighting blindly for their state. Of course, this is not true all the time, but it undoubtedly the case in states where conscription is mandatory. Optimism should be felt from the silence of global wars in the past decades.

The Division of Law: Private Substantive Law

Private law is very different from public law. Unlike public law which deals with government and citizen relations, private law deals with the legal relationships between private citizens, and between citizens and organizations. Another name that is used interchangeably with private law is civil law; however, they refer to the same thing. Supplementary, civil cases are different from criminal courts; the people involved are dealt with in a different manner. Private law’s primary purpose is to compensate and settle disputes.

When someone says they are going to sue someone, they are referring to suing them in a civil court. This is because it’s a situation that involves him, and another citizen. The person initiating the lawsuit is named the plaintiff, while the accused is named the defendant. It shouldn’t be hard to differentiate between those two terms. Basically, the person is defending (defendant) himself from the plaintiff. Common reasons for someone to initiate a civil case are: injury, property damage, loss. The plaintiff and defendant are typically armed with lawyers, in order to enhance their chances of winning the case. Rarely do people represent themselves.

Precisely like public law, private law is composed of subcategories. These subcategories outline the essence of civil law; private law is divided into 6 components. The first of these is called family law. This evolving area concerns the relationships between spouses or partners, and between parents and children. It also deals with issues such as child custody, divorce, etc. Secondly, is contract law which we come into contact with very often, especially online. Typically, when you register for a site, you have to accept to their terms and agreements. This is a form of contract law. They outline the needs for legally binding agreements. Legal action can undoubtedly be pursued if one member of the contract does not fulfill his share. The plaintiff could take legal action against the defendant in civil court to ultimately sue for damage. The third component of private law is called tort law. Briefly speaking, it deals with the wrongs of others. If you think someone has done you wrong and has caused significant damage to you (physically, financially, etc.) then you may take them to civil court. Negligence is the most common action in tort law. An example of negligence is suing a cardiologist for malpractice (carelessness) if he causes damage. Fourthly, property law assists in composing civil law. Basically, it concerns with anything that has a dollar value. Also deals with estates, as the land is distributed by the government. Many of these property laws were established by the English courts centuries ago. Finally, the last element of private law is labor law. Used interchangeably with employment law, it’s concerned with the relationships between employers and employees. A few examples of the areas labor law pertains to are: compensation, unions, minimum wage, working hours regulation, etc.

Legal action through private law is generally a lengthy process. Unfortunately, it’s because there are so many civil courses that there is a waiting list. It usually takes a few years after legal action is pursued before any actual action happens. Laws deal with very important things, such as money and property, which is why these cases should be considered carefully without haste.

The Division of Law: Public Substantive Law

Law is divided into two primary components. These components are substantive law and procedural law. Essentially, substantive law contains the rights and obligations a citizen has in society. If a substantive law is broken, then the procedural law wills shows the steps a citizen can do to protect his rights. Every member of society is subject to substantive law; however, there is an exception. Diplomats, abroad from other countries, do not follow our substantive laws. They have a certain level of immunity. Since they are the people that carry out the actions of governments from other countries, they do not follow by our laws. Instead, they follow the laws they have in their hometown while they live in our country.

Substantive law is composed of two main parts which are public and private law. Each of these two parts are broken down further into subcategories that make up public and private laws. These subcategories will be described briefly. Firstly, we will be talking about public law. Generally, public law dictates the relationship between governments and the people. No one (except diplomats) are above public law; they apply to all members of society. The subcategories of public law are criminal, constitutional, and administrative law.

Criminal laws are passed by Parliament. As mentioned in the Law Formation article, a bill is introduced by a Cabinet minister, which if approved, will become into a law. Specifically, these laws are crimes against society and are found in the Criminal Code. Examples of criminal laws are murder, kidnapping, battery, theft, and property damage.

Constitutional law solely regard the government and how their powers and divided. We have already touched base on the division of governmental powers previously. The Canadian government is comprised of the federal, provincial, and territorial (municipal) governments. The division of power between these three parts of government is written down and outlined in constitutional law section.

Administrative law essentially deals with the relationship between government controlled agencies and members of society. Average citizens are impacted by administrative law and the decisions of government controlled agencies. For example, it is a law that you are required to have a fishing license before you can actually go out and fish. Government agencies will provide people with the fishing licenses so that they can legally fish.

As you can clearly see, laws are no “walk in the park”. They are extremely complicated and have evolved over thousands of years; they obviously weren’t made up overnight. We need to respect laws and do our best, as citizens, to help enforce them. They help our society to function smoothly and with stability, which is why we need to be thoroughly educated on the subject. 

How to Keep Yourself Safe

Welcome to the website! We are dedicated to helping you keep your account safe. You should always follow the laws and rules they have created in order to keep yourself safe. A lost account happens for two main reasons. They either lose it to someone else, or they get banned. Both cases are very unfortunate and we want to help you prevent either one of them from happening. I’ve learned the hard way, and I know how it feels. From that day on, I told myself that I was going to do my best to help prevent this from happening to anyone else! Losing your account to another person is horrible, but it can easily be avoided. Here are two ways to easily prevent people from illegally entering your account:

1. Never, under any circumstances, tell anyone your password! People who get a hold of this will gain access to you and and cause reckless damage. Additionally, don’t share your stuff with anyone, even if it’s someone you trust really well. You shouldn't share it with anyone; you should be the only owner.
2. Do not share your email address with anyone (unless you know them well). First, it's very dangerous to share your email address with strangers. There are some bad people out there. Their intentions are sometimes malicious; they might also gain access of your Facebook and other social media. Hold suspicion to those who ask for your email address.
   

In addition to these two “rules”, you should also choose a hard combination. Think of it as a bank PIN number. Would choose an easy PIN number like 0000 for your bank account? Most certainly not! Just like a bank account, you need to take the important steps in order to make sure that no one gains illegal access. Don’t choose something that people can easily guess. Optionally, you can add numbers, capitals, and/or symbols to supplement its security. I find that the best computers for safety are the Dell brand, with Windows Azure installed as the operating system. The other primary way people lose their account is because of a ban. You should always abide by the laws they have, otherwise they can terminate your accoun

t without any notice. The laws they have set out are extremely important and you should read them over, in order to ensure maximum safety of yourself. You never know what might be illegal. If you do something illegal that you that was legal, then your ignorance is not a valid excuse for an appeal. I can't stress enough how much you should know the specific rules and laws. Legal issues are very significant which could be far worse than yo

u can imagine. Again, see the situation as if it were a bank. They hold all of your hard earned money, so you wouldn't want to do anything that would make the bank to restrict your access! Here are two common ways people get banned:

1. Excessive swearing. Swearing once in a while is okay, but if you swear excessively, then you can expect to be banned. Sometimes it’s permanent, but it is typically for a few hours. However, if you are a constant problem and this keeps happening, the bans will grow greater each time. This is standard practice in most sites.
2. Asking people for their details. Never ask anyone for their details – respect their privacy. Specifically, never ask someone for their ID. This is clearly defined to be illegal in all terms, and there are no excuses for doing this. You wouldn’t want people asking you these inappropriate questions, so why should you do it to them?

Thanks for visiting the site. Always remember to abide by the laws!

The Senate in Government Controversy

The triple-E senate proposal is not the best solution to the unfairness of the current Canadian senate. The most efficient solution would be to abolish the senate position completely. The primary reason why abolishing the senate would be more effective than instilling the triple-E proposal is because there is no need for the position. If provincial bills get passed completely fine without the Senate, then what is the need for the Senate at the federal level? The position is useless, undemocratic, and frequently biased towards the Prime ministers party. Secondly, the Senate costs Canadians too much money. As is, the Senate costs Canadians $60 million per year to operate; reforming the Senate would sharply increase the annual cost to an overwhelming $120 million. For simply a "sober second thought", $60 million is too costly for such an unnecessary position - espicially one without any official qualifications to view if a person is right for the job. Thirdly, the Senate is surprisingly undemocratic and outdated. In the democratic society we live in today, the people who fill the Senate seats should be chosen by the people. The Senate rarely declines bills because the Prime minister often fills Senate seats with supporters of his own party as a form of patronage for their loyality or support; patronage senates will almost always favor the Prime minister's decisions. Alarmingly, any person over the age of 30, living in the province/territory they represent, and own $4000 worth of property can be appointed as a Senate - even a former CFL comissioner (Larry Smith). Lastly, the Senate is not truly representation by population. Ontario has a population of approximately  12 million people, while Quebec has a population of about 7.5 million people, yet they have the same number of Senate seats. The current Canadian Senate is in need of abolishment as it is too obscure as is, and would cost too much money to reform. The fact that the triple-E proposal has been around for years suggests that there won't be changes or reforms any time soon.

Canada's Division of Governmental Power

In Canada, there are three different “types” of governments. Each type has responsibilities that they address and sometimes, these responsibilities overlap each other. These levels of government, along with their responsibilities, have been outlined in Canada’s constitution. Disputes between governments are not a foreign occurrence; they are often settled in court. Canada’s society and governmental services act accordingly to the three divisions.

The three levels of government Canada has are the federal government, the provincial government, and the municipal government. The federal government attempts to set wide legal standards in order for equal access for Canadians. In a nutshell, the federal government is the overall government for all of Canada. Provincial governments are governments that only regard a specific individual province. For example, there are 13 different provincial governments in Canada because Canada is made up of 10 provinces and 3 territories. Finally, municipal governments are governments that are solely involved in their municipality (city). Of course, there are thousands of cities in Canada, consequently meaning there are thousands of municipal governments.

These different types of governments each have responsibilities. The federal government is in charge of the following (as outlined in the Constitution Act, 1867): peace, order and good government, criminal law, unemployment insurance, banking, currency, coinage, federal penitentiaries, marriage and divorce, postal services, Aboriginal peoples and their lands. Some responsibilities are shared between different levels of government and it is not uncommon. The provincial government ‘s responsibilities are (as outlined in the Constitution Act, 1867): property and civil rights, marriage ceremonies, police forces and provincial courts, highways and roads, provincial jails, hospitals. Lastly, the municipal government’s responsibilities govern: garbage collection, emergency services, building services, building permits, water services, and night-time noise. These are just a few examples of their responsibilities. In certain responsibilities, there is enigmatic gray area, where disagreements ultimately arise. These disagreements, if non-negotiable, are typically settled in court.

There are different processes each level of government must undergo when passing a law. The federal government’s and the provincial government’s process are extremely similar. There are only two differences in their processes. In both the federal government and the provincial government, a bill (proposed law) is introduced by a Cabinet minister, which passes through three readings in the House of Commons. In the federal government, the bill then goes to the Senate for his approval then finally to the governor general (Queen’s representative); however, in the provincial government, there is no Senate. The bill goes straight to the Queen’s representative (called the lieutenant governor) in the provincial process. The Senate difference and the different Queen Representatives are the primary differences that the federal and provincial processes have. Municipal government’s law making procedure, on the other hand, differ from one municipality to the other. Generally and briefly speaking, a mayor leading an elected council votes on municipal bylaws.

As you can see, Canada’s government is profoundly structured. Canadians and citizens from other states admire Canada’s complex government. The way this government is assembled hinders, if not, prevents corruption from occurring; Canada has a low corruption rate. More governments (specifically those governing corrupted states) need to follow in Canada’s footsteps. People from corrupt nations already know their state is too greedy to change their ways; they need to escape to a land of fairness. Canada’s government is one of those factors that define Canadians – honest, reliable, and just.

Why We Need Laws

I believe that people are basically evil. I think a lot of people agree too which is why we have and accept laws. Even recent events that happened in the past century will support the statement that humans are basically bad. I feel that the “me over others” attitude is a big contributor to the actions people make that are considered wrong.

Society needs rules in order to create a livable environment. Without laws our society would be in chaos; life would be “nasty, brutish and short”. Laws create an incentive to behave. We need them, or else there would be no motivation to stay in line - other than inner motivation which is weak in most people.

Events in the past hundred years display the true extent of how dark, deceiving, and evil mankind can really be. Mass amounts of murders took place during this period, primarily through war. World War II alone yielded about 60 million total deaths. You may feel that this is solely the fault of the nations’ leaders, but these leaders wouldn’t have come to power without support from the people. Negotiations should have taken place, but like most wars, it was fought over power and greed.

Many people have an attitude in which they put themselves before others. I believe that this is acceptable up to a certain point, but is wrong when that point is exceeded. An example of this is the relationship between developed countries and underdeveloped countries. There are children starving in some countries yet, in comparison to them, we live lavishly and do little (if any at all) to help them. The world would be much better if we lived in unity and if we not only sought to benefit ourselves; I also think that this attitude is an underlying cause in many of the wars fought.

In conclusion, laws are absolutely necessary to restrain bad people from doing bad things. However, it should be important to note that laws are not always morally correct – e.g. slavery was legal and women were not allowed to vote. I don’t believe that humans are born evil; I believe that the upbringing of a child and the environment that he is raised in will ultimately be the reasons for the person that he becomes.